Interview with Book Designer Stewart Williams Reedsy

Meeting with Book Designer Stewart Williams Reedsy â€Å"I like things somewhat more visceral†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - A meeting with fashioner Stewart Williams. We are pleased to highlight creator Stewart Williams on Reedsy. Stewart’s capturing, excellent and unique structures have crossed an enormous scope of titles from books to cooking to verse and a scope of true to life. We got some extraordinary bits of knowledge into Stewart’s innovative procedure, his way to deal with various classifications and writers, in addition to the chances of a rich online presence.For the unqualified admirers of the composed word, I’ve translated the greater part of the meeting beneath. Be that as it may, for the individuals who need to partake in the conversation, you can straightforwardly go along with us on the home base! Hello Stewart, a debt of gratitude is in order for going along with me on this joint. In the first place, would you be able to give me a touch of foundation on how you turned into an independent book designer?I began in the distributing scene working in magazines and papers, and was essentially workmanship coordinating for different distributions in Seattle for a significant long time. I worked for various papers, anyway I truly needed to work with books, on the grounds that I’ve consistently adored perusing and I’ve cherished books since I was a little child. I generally imagined that the distributing business was entrancing and that what spread planners did was actually the sort of thing I needed to do as a realistic designer.Whilst I was working for papers I began to land positions to a great extent with distributers and I didn’t turn down anything. I realized that each activity that I could do was something I could add on to my portfolio, to assist me with ge tting greater and greater customers as I moved along. After a concise time of movement, Sasquatch books employed me as a senior originator and I remained there for a couple of years. I at last wound up in New York City where I couldn’t discover any work whatsoever, so I simply chose to go work together for myself.I began to manufacture a nearness utilizing all the contacts I had obtained, and I knew around then that it was extremely significant for me to take a shot at my online nearness, so I was continually doing on the web portfolios. I can’t recollect the last time I demonstrated anyone a physical portfolio, no one truly utilizes those any longer. I was at that point making sites back in the mid 1990s, and those have truly helped in light of the fact that I truly don’t realize where individuals discover my work, so I attempt to put it everywhere.I truly like the way that you put all your work out there, on various stages. I’ve checked your blog and yo u’re one of only a handful not many spread planners I’ve seen at Reedsy who posts all the tasks they’re doing, including data about the imaginative procedure and past spread forms. I figure too not many creators do that.I’ve saw that too and I don’t know why that is. I think at times it has to do with this thought when individuals pursue a portfolio and are requesting a depiction, on the off chance that you have 25 spreads it can appear to be a touch of overwhelming to compose 25 portrayals without a moment's delay. For me it was consistently essential to do it as I came so this wouldn’t happen.Also, I think individuals come up short on comments, or they are attempting to truly let the work represent themselves. In any case, for my customers, individuals pose me explicit inquiries, as â€Å"do you do YA?† or â€Å"how numerous spreads do you do?†, and I imagine that the clarifications that I give truly demystify what is happeni ng on my end so the individuals improve thought of how the procedure functions. The blog truly causes me outline that for them instead of simply do some enchantment stunt and state: â€Å"here’s your cover!†In specific, likewise, I do it to show to individuals what number of spread plans go into a spread undertaking for someone like Amazon. In some cases I do 13 unique spreads before they settle on the one they like.You referenced you’ve worked in the past for large distributers, however it appears that now you’re moving a piece towards outside the box writers and getting more work from them, am I right?Yes, that’s valid, it’s something that I’ve seen increasingly more in the course of the last 3-4 years: with the ascent of the Kindle individuals have begun to compose freely and distribute through KDP or comparative administrations. It’s been extremely unique for me to start with in light of the fact that I for the most part ne ver managed creators, and I understood I delighted in it a considerable amount. Once in a while they have great thoughts, or they simply need you to do whatever you feel like, and I like that immediate line of correspondence with people.And by working legitimately with creators you get progressively imaginative opportunity, right?You know, I’ve frequently found along the years that the less I get paid, the more inventive opportunity I have! At the point when individuals have bigger financial plans they will in general have a thought of precisely what they need you to do. With littler financial plans, they’re progressively slanted to give up control of things and let you do what you need if the cost is held down. Obviously I never utilize that as an approach to do whatever I feel like, since I think it’s extremely critical to hear what the creator is disclosing to me the need. I need to ensure that my work is something they’ll be content with and will assi st them with selling their book.Do you incline toward working simply with stock symbolism, or outlines, or a mixture?That’s something else that has to do with spending plans as it were. I think there is a great deal of cheap stock photography out there, so it is difficult to persuade someone to spend more cash on an illustration.I’m not so much an artist, I haven’t done it professionally. I like to delineate, however it’s a unique little something where I need to substantiate myself to individuals before I get them to employ me, so I’m accomplishing progressively littler occupations that don’t pay as much just to get the experience and have something to show.I feel like with the flood of free distributing and the quantity of books accessible having a representation - something that is 100% one of a kind - truly includes value.I concur, and I’d state that the stock photography isn't staying aware of the interest, so you begin seeing si milar photos on various people’s books and that’s humiliating for the author.I think individuals are beginning to understand that you can't simply take a picture and put your title and name on it on the grounds that there is a generally excellent possibility that another person is going to utilize the same†¦You work over all classes, I think, yet is there any that you favor chipping away at? Or then again any task of late that you have especially enjoyed?I like things somewhat more instinctive, where there is to a greater degree a realistic edge. I think wrongdoing and ghastliness are that way. I do whatever it takes not to copy what individuals see out there and avoid the regular loathsomeness book cover.But I accomplish like to take a shot at all things, even true to life. I have a couple of customer distributers who distribute progressively chronicled books, and those will in general follow certain contemporary patterns in the United States legislative issues. I do like working with authentic and verifiable images.I likewise love dealing with verse books. There will in general be a non-direct approach to consider the spreads that can work with verse books, they’re not applied a similar way a fiction book may be. I think that its all the more fascinating and testing to work with a theoretical thought. On the off chance that you’re building a spread and you know there are sure components that must be on it, it turns out to be to a greater extent a creation procedure than an innovative one. My strategy for working is a little stranger and less direct than that.That’s great to hear, in light of the fact that a typical suggestion in the event that you write in a specific type is that your spread completely needs to regard certain rules that are a piece of the class. I generally feel like as a creator you would have a superior potential for success on the off chance that you accompany an alternate style for the spread, even one that doesn’t completely â€Å"respect† the genre.I would concur. Others who write in your kind all have comparative looking spreads. So if I’m going to search for a book in that sort on the web, I’m presumably quickly going to get the one that has a spread that doesn’t resemble all the others.That stated, it’s difficult to persuade individuals to accomplish something else. Indeed, even distributers will say to me: â€Å"this book has sold a considerable amount and it would seem that this, would you be able to accomplish something similar?†. However, the issue is that people in general is more intelligent than that and sooner or later it will get bored.I think there’s just a little window of time wherein you can imitate a thought and still be fruitful. The remainder of the time you’ve got the opportunity to have a go at something else. It is a hazard, and in spite of the fact that individuals need to face challenges, they ordinarily don’t need to be the first.

Racial Formation Essay Example for Free

Racial Formation Essay Stopping smoking is demonstrated to be an assignment that isn't anything but difficult to achieve. The normal number of stopping endeavors that dominant part of smokers attempt in the course of their life fluctuates from 6 to multiple times (Pfizer, Inc. , 2007). The smoking end endeavors are regularly not fruitful in light of flawed procedures utilized in the undertaking. Dominant part of smoker’s endeavors to stop are without utilization of clinical medications. In this way, the pitiful achievement paces of just 3 to 5 percent of the complete yearly endeavors. The accessibility of items like bupropion hydrochloride, nortriptyline hydrochloride, and nicotine substitution drugs shows just unobtrusive achievements (Nides et al. , 2006). In accordance with this problem, a medication was produced to assistant smokers in their stopping adventure with a bit by bit method. This medication which is fabricated by Pfizer, Inc. is known for its image name Chantixâ ® however its conventional name is varenicline tartrate. This medication was made to offer a powerful help for smokers that need to stop this bad habit. Medication particulars and method of activity Varenicline tartrate, the tartrate salt type of varenicline, groups the substance name 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]benzazepine, (2R,3R)- 2,3-dihydroxy-butanedioate (1:1). This substance which is the dynamic element of Chantixâ ® surprisingly disintegrates in water and has a white to somewhat yellow shading when in controlled structure. Varenicline has the atomic recipe C13H13N3†¢C4H6O6 (RxList, Inc. , 2009). This medication is a non-nicotinic sedate that objectives the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptor in the mind. It acts through blockage of nicotine from joining to the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptor. These receptors are a similar objective of nicotine, a substance present in cigarette. The authoritative of nicotine with the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptors after the smoker breathes in tobacco smoke passes on a message to a particular part in the cerebrum to release dopamine, the substance answerable for making the joy feeling. The dependence on cigarette smoking is because of brief length nature of the pleasurable inclination that is made by dopamine. The body longs for more nicotine with the goal that a reproduction of the pleasurable inclination happens over and over. Since varenicline forestalls the official of nicotine with its mind receptors; the admission of this medication will eradicate the sentiment of joy that an individual encounters each time cigarette is smoked. In this way, stopping of smoking is simpler alongside admission of varenicline on the grounds that the demonstration of smoking doesn't bring the positive sentiment any longer (Coe et al. 2005). Another positive characteristic of varenicline is its ability to diminish the smoking withdrawal signs through its collaboration with the dopamine receptors. This communication brings about the release of the hormones that permits the person to feel delight or â€Å"feel-good† hormones (Bullock, 2007). Along these lines, during varenicline prescription the smoker won't experience the horrendous withdrawal indications since high measures of â€Å"feel-good† hormones are dispersed in their blood. Precautionary measures and symptoms The antagonistic responses related with the admission of varenicline are: wooziness; queasiness; cerebral pain; weariness; social changes like melancholy and testiness; supported craving; regurgitating; diminished entrail motility; fart; and, resting issues. This medication can not be brought with cimetidine on the grounds that the last will intensify varenicline levels in the plasma. Insulin; blood thinners like warfarin or coumadin; and theophylline are other restorative prescriptions denied during varenicline medicine (â€Å"MSN wellbeing and fitness†). Safeguards that should be seen during varenicline prescription are: meeting with a doctor about the correct measurement and length of treatment; checking of social changes during the medicine time frame; this medication isn't useful for people whom are beneath 18 years of age, pregnant, and bosom taking care of moms; the admission of this medication may likewise adjust the exhibition of specific errands; and, drug ought to be after food ingestion (MIMS, 2009). Further safety measures showed in the utilization of this medication are: non-use among individuals with history of mental illness and kidney issues; consistence with legitimate dose endorsed by the specialist; and, recognition of solution mark (â€Å"MSN wellbeing and fitness†). Viability of varenicline treatment According to its producer, varenicline medicine has the smoking stopping achievement pace of 44 percent while sugar pills just have 18 percent adequacy (Pfizer, Inc. , 2007). In an investigation led by Nides et al. (2006) contrasting varenicline and bupropion an altogether higher achievement rate among varenicline cured subjects was watched. The viability of this medication in the said examination was 21. 9 percent, while, bupropion just had 16. 1 percent. Another examination which demonstrates the limit of this medication to build the achievement pace of smoking end is that one done by Cahill et al. (2007). It is noted in the said examination that varenicline significantly increases the accomplishment of smoking end when contrasted with the individuals who are sedated with antidepressants or had no meds by any stretch of the imagination. Issues on varenicline medicine Among the issues that are combined with the prescription of varenicline are the unforgiving reactions like visualizations and the modifications in the view of delight. A varenicline sedated individual revealed that during his treatment with varenicline he encountered extraordinary fantasies just as changes in his satisfaction after exercises that can as far as anyone knows satisfy a person. Given instances of the exercises he can’t discover delight any longer were: composing, working out, self-incitement stunts, and socialization (Cloud, 2009). Another issue with varenicline medicine is the self-destructive tendency of people taking this medication. There are reports of people having self destruction considerations and submitting suicides that are ascribed to the admission of varenicline as a remedial associate for smoking suspension. This medication is likewise accounted to enhance mental conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar issue. These reports were at that point answered to FDA consequently the counsel of this organization to take gigantic alert when endorsing and taking varenicline (FDA, 2007). Biochemical Pathway The most extreme plasma convergence of varenicline is achieved 3 †4 hours post oral admission of the medication. This drug’s bioavailability is high after oral admission and isn't adjusted by the dosing time and the nearness or nonappearance of food. Varenicline however has a plasma protein restricting that is underneath or equivalent to 20 percent. It takes a gauge of 24 hours for the half-life end of this medication to occur and irrelevant digestion was watched (RxList, Inc. , 2009). End Regardless of the symptoms that are supposed to be ascribed to the organization of varenicline, this drug’s viability as a smoking suspension assistant stays to be unaffected. Practically the entirety of the accessible medications have reactions along these lines it isn't disturbing for varenicline to likewise have some symptoms. That is the reason insurances are accessible to kill the event of the majority of a drug’s symptoms. The correct recognition of the considerable number of precautionary measures showed for this medication guarantees that the individual experiencing varenicline treatment and smoking suspension attempt will have no medical issues owing to the medicine. The heaviness of help that this medication can loan to the smokers who are attempting to leave their dangerous bad habit (smoking) is essentially higher when contrasted with the dangers of symptoms indication during the restorative time frame. Consequently, suspension of smoking can be made simpler through the assistant of varenicline tartrate (Chantixâ ® ). Reference List Bullock, Carole. (2007). Smokers get a kick from varenicline; new research discovers tranquilize significantly increases quit rate. Heartwire. Recovered March 25, 2009 from http://www.theheart. organization/article/768455. do Cloud, John. (2009). Would one be able to Drug Cure Addiction to Another? Time, Inc. Recovered March 26, 2009 from http://www. time. com/time/wellbeing/article/0,8599,1883588,00. html? xid=rss-fullhealthsci-hurray Coe JW, Brooks PR, Vetelino MG, Wirtz MC, Arnold EP, Huang J, Sands SB, Davis TI, Lebel LA, Fox CB, Shrikhande A, Heym JH, Schaeffer E, Rollema H, Lu Y, Mansbach RS, Chambers LK, Rovetti CC, Schulz DW, Tingley FD third, ONeill BT. (2005). Varenicline: A ? 4? 2 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist for Smoking Cessation. Diary of Medicinal Chemistry, 48(10), 3474-3477. U. S. Food and Drug Administration, (FDA). (2007). Early Communication About an Ongoing Safety Review Varenicline (advertised as Chantix). Recovered March 26, 2009 from http://www. fda. gov/Cder/Drug/early_comm/varenicline. htm MIMS. (2009) Varenicline. Recovered March 25, 2009 from http://www. mims. com/Page. aspx? menuid=mngname=vareniclinegenmono=true â€Å"MSN wellbeing and fitness† (2008). Varenicline. Focus Multum, Inc. Recovered March 25, 2009 from http://wellbeing. msn. com/drugs/articlepage. aspx? cp-documentid=100160707 Nides, M. , Oncken, C. , Gonzales, D. , Rennard, S. , Watsky, E. J. , Anziano, R. , and Reeves, K. R. (2006). Smoking Cessation with Varenicline, a Selective a ? 4? 2 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist. Documents of Internal Medicine, 166. Recovered March 25, 2009 from http://archinte. ama-assn. organization/cgi/republish/166/15/1561

Nike strategic fit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nike vital fit - Essay Example Nike tries to serve the human potential through games - as the organization states, We feel fortunate to have a certifiable, charitable motivation to be: the administration of human potential. That is the extraordinary advantage of sports, and we're happy to be in it.2 Kotler (1974) states that, 'a person's convictions or originations about what is alluring, fortunate or unfortunate - structures the worth framework.' In the present serious condition such a worth framework assumes a urgent job in fulfilling client needs as well as in taking on the opposition also. An organization can secure upper hand on its adversaries by virtue of promoting endeavors, brand building, esteem creation, development, operational efficiencies and so on however increasingly significant is to support the main edge. Worth creation frames the center part for continuing the upper hand. Mele and Colurci (2006) give particular ideal models to an incentive all things considered.

Comparing New Mexico State and Arizona State Constitutions - 1375 Words

Comparing New Mexico State and Arizona State Constitutions (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Comparative State ConstitutionsCompare the rights enumerated in the Arizona and New Mexico constitutions. In what ways do the rights differ and how are they similar? Which of these rights provided for in the Arizona and New Mexico constitutions is not enumerated in the federal constitution?Political power in both the state of Arizona and New Mexico are vested in the people, the government receive their just powers from the people and their will. Both states, constitution state that no one shall be deprived of property, life or liberty. All persons are entitled to freedom of speech, this right applies to both states, and one can speak freely or write their sentiments on anything. The New Mexico constitution states that the privilege of the Habeaus corpus should not be suspended by the authorities unless there is a case of invasion or rebellion and public safety requires it. Both states permit an individual to bear arms for defense, hunting, recreational use and other lawful purposes, in New Mexico, however the municipality or county will not regulate any incident of carrying and bearing arms.New Mexico and Arizona constitution states that no person shall be convicted of treason without a testimony from two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court. Treason against the state is levying war against it, aiding enemies and giving them comfort.The Arizona constitution states that persons charged with crime shall be bailable by sufficient sureties except: for sexual assault, capital offenses and sexual conduct with an under fifteen years of age minor when proof is evident. An individual can also be denied bail for serious felony offenses like entering the United States illegally. If the offender is a danger to the community and the safety of an individual bail can be denied if proof is evident. New Mexico also allows for bail except in situations where proof is evident for the crime. Bail in this state can be denied by the district court for sixty days after an incarceration of the defendant .The order has to be entered seven days after the incarceration in some instances. The first instance is if the defendant has been previously accused of two or more felonies within the state. The second instance is if the defendant used a deadly weapon and has been convicted before in the state.Most laws are shared by the state of Arizona and New Mexico and these include:Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. There shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraud. Any person having knowledge or possession of facts that tend to establish the guilt of any other person or corporation charged with bribery or illegal rebating, shall not be excused from giving testimony or producing evidence, when legally called upon to. All elections shall be free and equal, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage.Compare the Arizona and New Mexico legislatures in terms of representation (How many representatives in total and how many representatives and senators per district); Describe the type of districting that Arizona has and the effect it produces in terms of party politics. Do the two states employ term limits? If so, what are they? When do the legislatures of Arizona and New Mexico meet?New Mexico states that the senate should be composed of forty two members who are elected from single member districts. The House of Representatives in the same State of New Mexico should comprise of not more than seventy members who are elected from single-member districts. In the State of Arizona the senate shall be composed of a single member who will be elected from each of the thirty legislative districts. The House of Representatives on the other hand shall be composed of two members elected from each of the thirty legislative districts establis hed.Arizona consists of an independent redistricting commission that establishes Congressional Districts and Legislative Districts both should have equal population and be geographically compact. The districts will be required to comply with the United States Constitution and the United States Voting Rights Act. Every February 28, in the state of Arizona a redistricting commission is established, it shall consist of five members, no more than the two members of the redistricting commission shall be of the same political party. Of the other two members, none should be from the same county. Every member should be a registered voter in Arizona and has continuously registered with the same political party for three or more years.The term limit for the members of state legislature in the state of Arizona is two years. No state senator will be allowed in office after four consecutive terms. After the maximum number of terms served no legislator will be allowed to serve in the same office until after being out of office for a full term. The New Mexico constitution states that members of the House of Representatives shall serve a term of two years. Senators from selected counties will serve for a term of six years and can also be elected for a term of four years thereafter.Compare the executive, gubernatorial, powers of Arizona and New Mexico. What is the length of the gubernatorial term in Arizona and New Mexico? Do Arizona and New Mexico impose term limits on their governors?Both duties of the Governor of the state of Arizona and New Mexico apply, they are both commander-in-chief of the military forces in their state. This power will however not apply when the forces are called to serve the United States. In both states the governor shall have power to grant pardon, commutations and reprieves after convictions for all offences apart from treason. New Mexico governors terms limit is four years, both the governor and lieutenant governor are elected jointly, they canno t however be elected again after serving two terms until one full term out of office has intervened. The state of Arizona states that the governor hold office for a term of four years, no member of the executive department shall be in that office for more than two terms, consecutively. In New Mexico, in case of an impeachment or death of governor the lieutenant governor takes into office, as for Arizona the next in power after such a situation is the secretary of state, this two will change after an active election for a new governor is done.How does the democratic process differ between Arizona and New Mexico in terms of initiatives and referendums? What makes Arizona unique among the fifty states in the United States in terms of democratic process?The state of Arizona has a house of representatives, the senate, which reserves power to its people. The legislative authority is vested in the legislature which consists of a house of representatives and the senate. The power to propose and reserve amendments and laws is reserved for the people, who can reject or approve any part of act, an item or act of the legislature at the polls. In New Mexico the legislative power is vested in the senate and house of representative an...

Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six - 774 Words

Bo Guo Dr. Eric Morton PHIL 2010-200 7 July 2013 Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six Descartes talked about the true and the false, and how we make mistakes in Meditation Four. Descartes believed that error as such is not something real that depends upon God, but rather is merely a defect. And thus there is no need to account for my errors by positing a faculty given to me by God for this purpose(546). He thought that the reason why we make mistakes is that the faculty of judging the truth, which we got from God, is not infinite(546). When Descartes focused more closely on more closely on himself and inquired into the nature of his errors, he noted that errors depend on the simultaneous concurrence of two causes:†¦show more content†¦So existent belongs to the essence of God. Descartes can no more think of God as not existing than he can think of mountain without a valley(550). Actually, I do really agree with Descartes’ prove process, even if I do not agree with some of his conclusion. I think the way he prove things is rational and logical. He thought we should raise some ideas which he has no doubt about it. Then he use them to prove things. It just like what Euclid did in Elements. Raise some Axioms first, then use them to prove all others and build the whole system.Elements presents them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference(3). But the key point to get a true conclusion and build a logical system is to find the correct Axioms or foundations. I have to say that Axioms or foundations changes because of the religion and the development of science. For example, the Axioms of the theory of relativity are different from the classical physics’ Axioms because human know more about the nature. Descartes thought that necessary existence belongs to the essence of God in Meditation Five, and take it as a foundation. 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While Stacy prepared herself for our interview, I occupied myself by admiring the thick piles of paper on her work desk. She had invoices, emails, check stubs and letters of appreciation covering the surface entirely. Empty and half-full coffee mugs were placed strategically about the room in places ranging from the printer, to the floor, and I even spotted one six feet above the ground on top of the dark, wooden cabinetry that hovered above her desk. I hadn’t seen Stacy since

Analysis Of Jack Sparrow s Pirates Of The Caribbean

An interesting quotation that I came upon describing a trickster is â€Å"A company of wolves, is better than a company of wolves in sheep’s clothing.† In this paper I will be analyzing Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean and the many ways he cloaks himself to gain the likes of his peers while being the definition of a trickster on the inside. I will be discussing him via monomyth, as a trickster, and a cathartic and motivational hero. Jack Sparrow is a main character in the Pirates of the Caribbean series spanning four movies. Throughout the series, Sparrow goes on numerous journeys and faces a multitude of trials and tribulations. As defined on yourdictionary.com a monomyth is â€Å"a cyclical journey or quest undertaken by a†¦show more content†¦After he escapes, he is found in another situation where he wakes up on the Queen Anne’s Revenge and must convince the crew that he is the real Jack Sparrow. Here he uses his tricky and slick tongue to persuade the crew to lead a mutiny. After meeting Blackbeard, he agrees to help him find the fountain of youth, but he is only trying to find it for his own profit. A trickster blurs boundaries of society and does it for his own good. Sparrow blurs the boundaries between being a pirate and doing the right thing. Throughout the series, he can be seen offering to help and then turning it into his own personal gain. In on Stranger Tides, Sparrow acts like he is going to help the king and then turns against him and escapes. Once he arrives on Blackbeard’s ship, Sparrow agrees to help them find the fountain of youth. Once on the journey, he turns to doing what benefits him; thus, again blurring the boundaries and using trickery. Captain Barbosa is another character who uses trickery and blurs boundaries. The rivalry between Sparrow and Barbosa is evident of trickery in how they build off each other to trick others for their own good. In on Stranger Tides Barbosa acts as a captain for the British Navy to find Blackbeard who took his leg from him in the past. Barbosa was only using the Navy to run a ship to follow Blackbeard and find the fountain of youth where he turned back into a pirate with the motive to kill Blackbeard.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Technology Plan for Disney4238 Words   |  17 PagesCompany, the famed children s entertainment corporation. Company History The Disney Company was started on October 16, 1923 by a partnership of two brothers, Walt and Roy Disney. It was originally known as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, which later became Walt Disney Studio. One of the first memorable creations Disney films made with sound was the Mickey Mouse cartoon call Steamboat Willie, which opened in New York on November 18, 1928. This was Mickey Mouse s introduction to adults and childrenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 074 58, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Nursing & Midwifery Research Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is It Beneficial To Administer Influenza Vaccine To Older Adults With Pneumonia During Flu Outbreak? Answer: The research paradigm to be chosen is quantitative and the approach would be non-experimental design- cohort study. The quantitative study is considered most appropriate in this case as it would be possible to obtain information about particular cases that will be prospectively followed. According to Merriam Tisdell (2015), quantitative designs are deductive in nature as one can test a theory or a hypothesis. Therefore, it will be easy to test the efficacy of the influenza vaccine as it is widely recommended during flu outbreak. The quantitative paradigm has objective approach and it is well structured. Since the objective is to assess the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in older adults, quantitative approach is justified. The rationale being aim of the quantitative research paradigm to provide inferences on a population level. Quantitative design is appropriate as helps deduce the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable in the given population. Thus, this descriptive paradigm is justified to establish association between the influenza vaccine and pneumonia during flu outbreak as it requires observing large number of patients (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). It is cited in Tigchelaar et al. (2015) that a cohort study is beneficial in observational studies. It helps to observe a group of people with similar experience or characteristics. For instance, in this research, the criteria are to choose older adults 60 years or above suffering from pneumonia for influenza vaccination. Therefore, it is justified to adopt this design for research as it would involve observing a set of older patients with pneumonia. As per Pope Stanistreet (2017), prospective approach is the more robust approach. It ensures validity and reduces errors. In the observational epidemiological studies, prospective cohort studies are considered to be more reliable when compared with cross-sectional studies and the retrospective cohort studies. There are flaws to the quantitative, population based cohort studies such as long duration. However, the literature provides evidence that such studies are generating excellent data. Although there is high potential cost of error, it is the great way to study the long term trends. Thus, it is justified to study the trends when influenza vaccine is used for protecting older adults with pneumonia during flu season. In one quantitative study the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination was analysed in people above 60 years with pneumonia. The metaanalysis quantified data with reporting the visits involving cohort and case control studies on influenza vaccination. The limitations include recall bias. However, in one population based cohort study, vaccination was found to be effective in adults with pneumonia (Restiveo et al., 2017; Vila-Corcoles et al., 2016) There are limitations found in qualitative study using systematic review to explore behavioural factors affecting the influenza vaccine among elderly. The credibility was low as important evidence was excluded. Transferability is diminished. In another qualitative study, semi-structured interview was used to identify the facilitators ad barriers of healthcare providers in vaccinating elderly patients. However, the limitations include not conducting the interviews in real time (Ellen, 2017; Kan Zhang, 2018). It can be concluded that the chosen method of research is justified. References Ellen, M. (2017). Factors that influence influenza vaccination rates among the elderly: nurses perspectives.Journal of nursing management. Kan, T., Zhang, J. (2018). Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review.Public health,156, 67-78. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Pope, D., Stanistreet, D. (2017).Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics. John Wiley Sons. Restivo, V., Costantino, C., Bono, S., Maniglia, M., Marchese, V., Ventura, G., ... Vitale, F. (2017). Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics, 1-12. Tigchelaar, E. F., Zhernakova, A., Dekens, J. A., Hermes, G., Baranska, A., Mujagic, Z., ... Franke, L. (2015). Cohort profile: LifeLines DEEP, a prospective, general population cohort study in the northern Netherlands: study design and baseline characteristics.BMJ open,5(8), e006772. Vila-Corcoles,A., Ansa,X., Ochoa-Gondar,O., Satue,E., De Diego,C., Rodriguez-Blanco,T. (2016). Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults 60 years or older: Incidence, mortality and prevention.Medicina Clnica,146(5), 199-202. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.015

Organizational analysis with reference to Social work

Introduction Organizations employ a vast range of social workers. These social workers are engaged in myriads of work within any organization. This work indeed varies from working in a large organization charged with production of goods to organizations that are predominantly engaged in designing and production of services aimed at satisfying communal and even individual needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human service organizations employ an immense number of social workers. As a way of example, psychiatrists and psychologists entangle some of the social workers who work much more independently that social workers do generally. Given the complexities of social work service within an organization, many theories have been proposed to explain the nature and the relevance of social workers within an organization. Some of such theories are feminism and human services, as discussed by Jones and May (1992, p. 56), amongst others. This paper works from a human service organization perspective to compare and contrast feminism and human service theories. Background Following the emergence of the second movement for liberation of women, scholars have challenged many of the traditional understanding of the women’s experiences. This has prompted the emergence of a new scholarship body deploying concepts of feminism. With respect to social work theories, feminism is deployed to refer to â€Å"a mode of analysis involving certain ways of thinking and of acting, which are designed to eliminate the oppression of women in the society to achieve women’s liberation† (Hannan, Carroll Polos 2003, p.310). Feminism theory provides strongly founded grounds for studying the various experiences of women with social human services organizations especially based on the premise that social, economic and poli tical structures shape the experiences of women. According to Tong (1989), in social work context, â€Å" feminist thought assumes that women’s interests and perspectives are valid in and of themselves, are not inferiors or secondary to those of men’s, nor should they be defined only in relation to or as a derivation from men’s experiences† (30).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, this concern forms the criticisms of traditional psychological, philosophical, and historical scholarship. The absence of such assumptions is the building blocks of the feministic approaches employed in human services organizations. Human services theoretical perspective has at its heart the perception that social work is all about helping people irrespective of the differences either in gender terms or in any other way of classification of organizations’ working population. As Reskin and Hartmann (1986) note, human service theory perceives â€Å"social work as being all about social change at an individual as well as at community’s level† (p.102). In this context, human services theory mostly focuses on the resolution of people challenges within an organization amid the complexities that exist within human services organizations. In fact, this theory appreciates this nature of complexities. Thus, it sees the solutions to such complexities as being rested on the platforms of inculcating the spirit of creativity and fostering knowledge development among social workers (Jones May 1992, p.47). Ideally, human services theory seeks to provide responses to various interrogatives such as the relevance of seeking to know why people suffer, people’s responsibilities in resolution of social work problems showing how mechanisms of providing knowledge about human challenges may be availed. Similarities Both human services and femi nism theories are all advanced with the main objective of providing ways of explaining people’s behaviors, the way they view and even think about particular situations within the social work environment. Essentially then, the two perspectives provide the lens through which social workers acquire guidance. From a different dimension, the two theories are similar since their practicability is rested on a variety of quite similar frameworks, which actually influence the two perspectives. An example of these frameworks is ecosystem perspective. According to Hannan, Carroll and Polos, ecosystem perspective â€Å"focuses on the interplay between the person and his or her environment† (2003, p.312).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Paramount to note is that, whether from a feministic theory perspective or human services perspective, it is widely agreeable that people within human services organization deserve to understand the functioning of various individuals. However, in an endeavor to understand people better, it is crucial that one understands the environmental context within which the person lives (Jones May 1992, p.52). Mohr (1998) â€Å"argues that â€Å"Individuals exist within families, families exist within communities and neighborhoods, and neighborhoods exist in a political, economic, and cultural environment† (p.355). In both theoretical perspectives, it is arguable that an individual’s environment contributes widely into shaping individual and group beliefs, choices and behaviors. Apparently, social work, as a discipline, pays an immense focus in attempting to understand people’s problems. These problems arguably stem right from the environment in which an individual comes, something that both human services and feminism theories indebt to address. Both theoret ical perspectives deploy the concepts of human strengths in their premises. In the words of Berkun, â€Å"strengths perspective is built on the assumption that every individual, family, group and community has strengths. Focusing on these, strengths lead to growth and overcoming difficulties† (1984, p. 22). Directly congruent with this line of thought, both theoretical perspectives perceive clients as being the most plausible determinates of the appropriate helping strategies for employment in the resolution of problems afflicting them. In both theoretical perspectives, working from the contexts of clients are critical endeavors in contributing to coming up with a helping strategy that is both effective and efficient in resolution of challenges at hand. Consideration of cultural perspectives is yet another essential similarity between human services and feminism approaches in addressing issues in human services organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arguably, in an attempt to come into an understating of people’s challenges within an organization, it is crucial for social workers, irrespective of the theoretical perspective they subscribe to, to ensure that they are culturally competent. This ideally calls for â€Å"understanding and approval of cultural distinctions, taking into account the beliefs, values, activities, and customs of distinctive population groups within an organisation† (Hannan, Carroll and Polos 2003, p.314). As a way of example, social workers working in the health services sector, whether deploying feminism or human services theoretical perspective or not, have at the back of their minds that the manner in which people discuss issues relating to their bodies impacts the way a person reacts. This acts as a determining factor of whether the person in question accepts or rejects the health services being offered. In this context, both theoretical perspectives recognize the necessity to integrate both acceptable social work principles with cultural principles of clients in an attempt to make social workers’ work yield substantive fruits. Differences Although human services and feminism approaches to social work within an organization have a number of similarities, some differences are also worth noting. While human services theory tends to treat all people working with organizations irrespective of the differences in terms of gender and or sexuality, feminism theory focuses more on women, as opposed to men claiming that women are different in a myriad of ways. Consequently, it sounds substantial to argue that â€Å"Feminist theory examines women in the social world addressing issues of concern to women focusing on these from the perspective, experiences, and viewpoint of women† (Berkun 1984, 20). At the inner core of the feminism theory is holding the position that women have been disadvantaged for a long time especially when perceived as lesser sex. For this p urpose, feminism theory in social work pays incredible time to introspect â€Å"feminist history, geography, literature, science, and develops ideas and approaches that are useful in a wide variety of these disciplines† (Mohr 1998, p.345). Feminism theory, as opposed to human services theory, is essentially a criticism of the convectional social work theories. Placing more emphasis on the women’s need developed an alternative knowledge an endevour to strike a commonplace and position as compared to men. Arguably, the position taken by feminism theorists is indeed a questionable one. For instance, how can focusing more on problems related to women help in promoting equality within human services organizations while negating the concerns of men, either partially or in totality? Apparently, the more the debate uphold the articulation women as essential social group worth of protection against the past historical gender (male) perceiving itself as being more superiors, the more the much forgotten differences tend to resurface. Second wave of women libration concerns are critical elements of feminism theory, as opposed to human services theory, which treats both genders equally in its premises. As argued before, this movement endeavors to provide an amicable understanding of experiences of women within organizations through promotion of new scholarship. Sandell (1993) notes, â€Å"this expanding interest in women has influenced the social work profession, but not to the extent one might expect in a field dominated by women both as professionals and clients† (p.663). In this end, it is evident that feminism as a practice, ideology or an ethical commitment has dominated the concerns of social work more as compared to human services theoretical perspectives. Arguably, this is perhaps because feminism theory, in comparison to human services theory, deploys values that are essentially sympathetic in nature. The end effect is women social workers per ceiving themselves as â€Å"integral to, and synonymous with, their personal and professional identity† (Sandell 1993, p.665). From this perspective, it is crucial to note that feminism theory tends to offer an opportunity for people subscribing to it to deviate from deploying the theory to guide their professional practice and rather focus more on applying their personal beliefs coupled with their own values in practice. Relevance of feminism and human services knowledge to professional social work practice The knowledge of feminism and human services theories and their applicability in human services organization is incredible since they aid immensely in fostering social workers’ professionalism and mastery of their areas of specialization. This knowledge aids them in identification of the eminent points of disagreements between the two theoretical perspectives and hence evaluation of the implication of such difference in the context of the social worker-client relat ionship. Arguably, this may go far in aiding in integration and appreciation of the perspectives one subscribes to with other people’s ways of thinking in an attempt to create a professional body. With regard to Thomson (2000), â€Å"the existence and use of a theory base or body of formal knowledge are strongly associated with the notion of professionalism and occupational credibility that professionalism status can be seen to bestow† (p.57). Therefore, theory is essential since it acts as a mechanism of adding value to status coupled with respect of a given profession that often goes into fostering the practice of a given profession- in this case social work. It is important for a social worker who is working in human service organization to understand these perspectives. The knowledge of human services theory and feminism theory or even any other theory of human services organization may help social workers in many ways. Paramount is that such knowledge is incredibl e in helping a social worker to understand the purpose and tasks of social work or rather the role that social work plays within the society in which he or she lives. The theories, additionally, provide magnificent methodologies that guide a social worker on how to go about with his or her roles as a social worker. Substantive understanding of one’s profession coupled with the procedures of conducting the roles associated with the profession acts as a subtle tool for enhancing an individual’s professionalism success. In the context of social work, this is availed through precise understanding of human services theories. Consequently, by not having this knowledge, it hinders the social worker’s practice in the sense that such a person is largely non-cognizant of the roles akin to his or her profession. Hence, he or she may be incompetent to practice what the profession entails. Conclusion Social workers do differing work within the organizations that employs them . This work is varied and ranges from doing social work in a large organization charged with production of goods to the organization that predominantly design and produce services aimed at satisfying communal, societal, and individual needs. For the social workers to be conversant with their roles and methodologies of executing their tasks, it is significant that they become conversant with theories of social work. Stemming from this argument, the paper has found it plausible to work from a human service organization perspective to compare and contrast feminism perspectives and human service perspective as some of these theories. References Berkun, C 1984, ‘Women and the field experience: Toward a model of nonsexist field-based learning conditions’, Journal of Education for Social Work, vol. 20 no. 3, pp-20-26. Hannan, T, Carroll, G, Polos, L 2003, ‘The organizational niche’, Sociological Theory, vol. 21 no. 4, pp.309–340. Jones, A May, J 1992, Wor king In Human Service Organisation: A Critical Introduction, Longman, Cheshire. Mohr, W 1998, ‘Measuring meaning structures’, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 345–370. Reskin, F Hartmann, H 1986, Women’s work, men’s work: Sex segregation on the job, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. Sandell, K 1993, ‘Different voices: Articulating Feminist Social Work’, Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 3 no. 2, pp.663-669. Thomson, N 2000, Theory and practice in human services, Open University Press, Buckingham, Philadelphia. Tong, R 1989, Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction, Westview Press, Boulder. This essay on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work was written and submitted by user Bennett Odom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse By Mark Nichol What type of markers or emphasis should a writer give to signal that a character’s thoughts are unspoken? Though some people disagree, the consensus is that they should be enclosed in quotation marks as if they were said aloud: 1. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, ‘Where do I start?’† This mode of what is known as unspoken discourse assumes that internally vocalized thoughts are a form of direct speech. â€Å"Unspoken discourse† is not to be confused with â€Å"indirect discourse,† which describes indirect speech, or paraphrase: 2. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered, where should she start?† In this case, the person would not think, â€Å"Where should she start?† in those words, so the final phrase of the sentence is a paraphrase, not a quote, and should not be enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect discourse has another, similar form: 3. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered where she should start.† Notice that in this example, a different type of paraphrase, a comma does not precede the thought, and no question mark punctuates this sentence, because it’s not a question. As I mentioned above, some writers prefer to omit quotation marks in unspoken discourse: 4. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, Where do I start?† This style is also correct, but it requires greater attention from the reader, and it seems more trouble than it’s worth to distinguish between spoken thoughts and unspoken ones, especially in fiction. Employing italics is an alternative strategy for unspoken discourse, but this method is best used in internal dialogue, when a person is conversing with their alter ego, or with a disembodied entity such as a spirit, or perhaps a guiding force from within: â€Å"The voice seemed to resonate inside her: Go forth, and fear not.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10150 Idioms About Roads and Paths50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Palm Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Palm Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model - Essay Example Thus managing large organizations which comprises of thousands of individuals and numerous groups is a mind boggling issue. This project tries to explore the performance and outputs of Palm Inc. and the way it operates to achieve its goals. The performance is measured at three different levels, organizational level, group level and individual level. Finally the project seeks to identify if the interactions of these outputs are congruent and whether the congruency is high, medium or low. Performance Analysis at three levels Organizational Level The major goal of the company is to design and create the latest technology that helps to attain the highest productivity. The company undertakes extensive research on the emergent merging technologies which enabled people to work in a comfortable and portable manner and while on move. The company uses its high end technological research and expertise for designing of the portable electronics, which are compatible, fast and better for offering their clients the convenience, speed and also compatibility. The products include computer like enhanced features which enables clients to use them with their computers or for performing computer-based functions. Such products can be considered to be organizational outputs of Palm. However, it must be noted that the company uses its research groups extensively for production and creation of such technologies. This also involves individual output of efforts of each and every person who are involved within the functional groups charged with design and production. The group design and research of electronics and also the accompanying software is considered to be one of the greatest group outputs from Palm Inc. (Nadler, Tushman & Hatvany, 2007, p.3). Group Level The company’s research groups are worth mentioning in this context. Palm Inc. employs extensive functional groups for attaining its goals and objectives. There are about 65,000 developers who are involved with the company and works on company’s software applications. The research work and development activities which have gone into the functioning of the organization have been effective in increasing its output by about ten times within a span of one year. Palm also intends to increase the number of users of its products by a large extent. In order to achieve this purpose a huge sales force is used for the same. Palm intends to increase its number of users from 6 million by more than 75% of the market. Palm also uses selling mediums like the internet, wireless channels, online stores etc. (Palm-a, 2010).This would amount to more than 60 million numbers of users. In order to make this possible the company has employed a large sales team which is responsible for developing and expanding the present market (Info World, 2000, p.77). The company has also aligned with the leading providers of the mobile field sales solutions (Palm, 2000, p.1). Palm was able to ship a total amount of 823,000 smart p hones units during the first quarter of 2010, which represented a 134% increase from the last quarter of fiscal year of 2009. Individual Level One of the primary requirements of the company would be an experienced research team which would focus on the creation of advanced level technologies and solutions to cater the user’s requirements. Moreover, a sales team would responsible for expanding on the present market of the company. Most importantly the team of software engineers and developers

The Federal Reserve Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Federal Reserve Bank - Research Paper Example ng saving money foundations, keeping up the steadiness of the budgetary framework and giving monetary administrations to depository organizations, the U.S. government, and foreign official establishments. This paper explores numerous issues such as the history, purposes, structure and the available tools for the Fed. The Fed traces its inceptions to 1791, when Congress urged the Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton to establish the first U.S. bank. The first bank was headquartered in Philadelphia; the bank was given a twenty-year contract; however, numerous agrarian-minded Americans were uncomfortable with the ideology as they suggested this would affect the management of the central bank. They decided to restrict it, but the Congress declined through a single vote, and it was renewed in 1811 (Paul, 1996). Congress later created a national bank in 1816, in light of the expansion that came about because of the increment in banknotes printed to pay off the obligation occasioned by the War of 1812. Somewhat more than ten years after its opening, nonetheless, the new bank came into the line of sight of Andrew Jackson, who attempted to slaughter it after he was chosen president in 1828. After the second bank collapsed, state-sanctioned and uncharted â€Å"public banks† flourished. These banks issued their own notes, redeemable in gold or silver. Given that the National Banking Act, passed in 1863, attempted to provide a measure of cash strength, bank runs and money related frenzies stayed necessary into the mid-twentieth century. This was an episode of theory on Wall Street that bottomed out in 1907 (Paul, 1996). The advanced Fed follows its establishing to President Wilson, who came up with a group of counsels that created the proposition which eventually turned into the Federal Reserve Act, passed by Congress in 1913. The seven unique individuals from the FRB sit for a gathering representation, soon after being confirmed. They incorporate the first Chairman of the

Clean Edge Essay Example for Free

Clean Edge Essay Non-disposable razors recorded average growth of about 5% in retail sales during the period 2007 to 2010 whereas refill cartridge and disposable razors recorded growth of approximately 2% and 3% respectively for the same period. Innovations and new product introductions are the prime factors for the growth. Non-disposable razors and refill cartridge market is broadly classified into three segments namely value, moderate and super premium based on price and quality. Paramounts consumer research identified distinct segmentation in terms of product benefits and consumer behavior. % of non- disposable razor users are segmented as Involved Razor users, social/emotional shavers; 28% as Involved Razor users, aesthetic shavers and 33% as Uninvolved Razor users, maintenance shavers. Studies from 2009 showed that the retail sales of non- disposable razors and refill cartridge came from 25% volume of super-premium, 43% of moderate and 32% of value segments. In the last decade, the industry has experienced significant growth in the super premium segment. Product innovation and new technology is leading this sector for a number of new entrants. In 2008-09 the rate of new product innovation leads to 22 new SKUs to be introduced. SWOT Analysis Strengths Paramount Health and Beauty Companys biggest strength is that it is a well- established brand with deep pockets and a very good association with consumers. The product- Clean Edge Razor, that they nave released, is also technologically in the current market. Weaknesses best The company does not have a slice in the 37. 2% of the pie that corresponds to the super premium segment which has immense potential. Also there is a risk of launching the product in the wrong segment or positioning it wrongly. A wrong move could result in cannibalization of Paramount Pro, another product in their portfolio. Opportunities There is very good growth in the super premium segment especially in mens grooming. The market is also highly profitable so vendors are ready to stock the products. Also, the maintenance users are a market not ventured by any company till date. Hence the opportunities are immense. Threats A good number of competitors are trying to become the leader in this segment which is expected to grow in the future. The competitors could also catch up with the latest echnology and release a technologically more advanced product. Availability of alternatives like disposable and electric razors make a high threat of substitutes. Because of large number of products available and constant innovation in the sector it is very easy for the consumers to switch the companies. Hence, consumers have a high bargaining power. Entry barriers are low in the industry since no major R;D costs are involved and there are no major regulations. The bargaining power of the suppliers is low. Hence, overall the premium segment of nondisposable razors is an attractive industry to enter into. Positioning Strategy: The first strategy that we suggest is Niche Positioning, targeting the premium segment: As of now, the products released by Paramount in the non-disposable razer segment, Paramount Pro and Paramount Avail are positioned in the moderate segment and as a value -offering respectively. After three years of development, Paramount Health and Beauty Company has come up with a new technologically advanced vibrating razor called Clean Edge. Keeping in mind the superior technology used and the fact that Paramount has not launched a product targeting the premium egment, Paramount could adopt Niche Positioning while launching Clean Edge. However, there are certain disadvantages and advantages: Advantages: Positioning Paramounts Clean Edge as a niche will accentuate the companys product portfolio significantly. From the exhibits it is visible that it will result in high and consistent profit margins for the company and the risk involved will be less. Apart from that, the financial requirement of launching the product in the premium segment is only 15 million dollars as against 42 million dollars for the mainstream targeting. Disadvantages: As the trends suggests, understanding the fact that the premium segment has not been targeted significantly, almost all of Paramounts competitors have launched products for this segment. Also, for the past 5 years, the companys current products Pro and Avail have not introduced any new innovations as a result of which its customers are moving on to other competitors. The product pro is in the mature face and might need phasing out eventually. The second strategy that can be followed is Mainstream Positioning. The advantages and disadvantages of the same are as follows: Consumers are becoming more and more sophisticated day by day and expect more advanced technology. Paramounts bread and butter product, Pro was in the mature phase of the product lifecycle so there is a possibility of decline. Positioning Clean Edge as mainstream product will help prevent loyal Paramount customers from being wooed away to more innovative brands. Main stream razor unit volumes are expected to capture over three times the volumes of the niche market in the first year. Clean Edge has the potential for true market domination and would quickly gain ass appeal. Disadvantages: Paramount already had product in mainstream positioning -Paramount Pro so launching it as mainstream positioning will dilute the brand power and will lead to cannibalization. More marketing support will be needed to reach the target masses. The company would require an extensive advertising campaign, considerable consumer promotions would be needed and thus the expenses associated with them will be huge. To reach full sales potential with this positioning, $42 million marketing budget would be needed for year one. Total sales of Paramount for Avail and Pro for first year (2009) and second year (2010) are calculated using the market size (retail sales) and corresponding market share, both real (2009)and estimated (2010), of Paramount. The cost of Cannibalization is calculated using total sales and percentage of cannibalization given. Analyzing the result, it is evident that launching the product is a profitable venture; however, the cost of cannibalization may change equations. The cost of cannibalization is lower for the niche market as compared to mainstream market. Although, cannibalization djustments give us losses for the first year in the case of both mainstream and niche, the profit obtained in the second year for mainstream is larger than niche market. Branding Strategy The branding should be done in such a way that it emphasizes Clean Edge Razor as a unique and breakthrough product with the usage of latest technology. However, given the tight advertising budget, it should use the well-established name of Paramount rather than build a brand based on the Clean Edge. This should help potential buyers connect with the product quickly and test it. This should ensure maximum sales. Recommendations Conclusion The recommendation is to introduce the Clean Edge into the marketplace as a niche product since data shows that consumers in the premium segment are willing to switch between the companies. Using advertising and promotion of the new product we can gain market share from competitors. Exhibit 8directly suppo rts this recommendation and snows that even though unit sales are less than main stream sales, the operating profit and the operating profits as % of sales is higher. In both year one and year two, this niche arket is profitable and growing. It is here that Paramount should focus its efforts on product introduction and positioning for the Clean Edge Razor. Once it has launched itself in the niche segment, Randall should then launch it, maybe after 2 to 3 years, in the mainstream category. As the data shows, both niche and mainstream strategy will help Paramount to raise its market share in super- premium non disposable razor segment. But the niche strategy will enables Clean Edge Razor to contribute profit and at the same time, limit the effect of cannibalizing Paramounts existing products.

Lithium Essays -- Chemistry Medical Chemical Papers

Lithium Though the drug lithium is used for a number of disorders ranging from acute depression to eating and personality disorders (Paykel, 1992), it's primary use is for bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression. Patients with bipolar disorder "between two poles: depression and its opposite, mania" (Kalat,2004), often with periods of normal behavior in between (Jamison,1993). In addition, the patient is also prone to "mixed episodes" in which symptoms of both mania and depression are present. Intensity of these episodes can range from mild to dangerous, as in the case of a manic depressive mother who severed the arms of her 10 month old daughter (Associated Press, 2005). Despite its genetic origin (Kalat. 2004; Jamison, 1993; DBSA, 2005), the onset of symptoms and behavior is rather late, averaging 18 years of age (Jamison, 1993). There are two types of manic episodes: manic and hypomanic. The DSM describes a manic episode as "a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood," (Jamison, 1993). Symptoms include inflated self esteem, a reduced need for sleep, increased talkativeness and sociability, flight of ideas, distractibility, an increase in goal directed activities (such as work, school or sex), and an excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (PsychologyNet, 2003). The occurrence of these symptoms must not be able be confused with a mixed state (see description below), must impair the individual's ability to function normally, and cannot be explained by the effects of a substance (i.e. alcohol, hallucinogenics) or a medical condition (i.e. hyperthyroidism) in order for the episode to be considered "manic.... ..." The Icarus Project. Retrieved February 28, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://theicarusproject.net/community/viewtopic.php?t=1187 CONCLUSION Lithium, or, more commonly, Lithium Salt, is an element used to treat bipolar disorder in humans. Bipolar disorder consists of severe highs and lows of mood, ranging from deep depression to extreme mania. The cycling of the disorder depends on the person, but it can vary from many shifts within one day (rapid cycling) to extended periods of each. Lithium is indicated primarily for patients who are not rapid cycling. Like many other medications, the exact effects of Lithium are unknown. Psychiatrists and Chemists have isolated many of the physiological and behavioral changes that occur after the administration of Lithium, and yet the exact cause of its therapeutic effect is not fully understood.

Proverbs in Things Fall Apart

Proverbs are wise sayings that address the heart of the discourse in any given context, truthfully and objectively. In Africa and in Nigerian cultures especially, they are considered the reliable horses, which convey meanings to their destinations or hearts of the listeners. This study investigates aspects of the meaning of proverbs in the work of a Nigerian author, Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It is contended that meanings of Nigerian proverbs can be worked out within the semantic, referential, ideational, stimulus-response, realist and contextual theories. Types of meaning and proverbs are addressed and situated within the two works. It is advanced that proverbs play significant roles in clarifying, exemplifying, underscoring and influencing communication . With the broadly analyzed proverbs, the study attempts to further demonstrate the vitality of semantics and pragmatics in negotiating meaning especially in a second language context. Proverbs are common features of conversational eloquence in many African cultures, especially in Nigeria. Such â€Å"wise sayings† are usually acquired and learnt from listening to the elders’ talk. Given the vintage position that the elders occupy in various African traditions as the human repository of communal or primordial wisdom, they are the masters of eloquence, rhetoric and meaning. They are the ones who know how to impregnate short expressions with vast meanings, implicating the proverb, â€Å"it is the elder’s mouth that determines a ripe kola nut†. Several definitions of the term â€Å"proverb† abound in literature. The central idea in the definitions is that a proverb is â€Å"an adage, saying, maxim, precept, saw or any synonym of such that expresses conventional truth†. From Things Fall Apart The sun will shine on those who stand before it shines on those who kneel under them p. 6 Theory: Referential Type: Denotative/Connotative Analysis: The proverb makes reference to a cosmic body, the sun, with a view to evoking its sense – that those who strive and work (by remaining standing) will benefit from the fruit of their work before those who depend on them (by kneeling or deriving succor from them). While the inference of discouraging dependency can be made, the message is mainly that those who do not face the challenges of life and work assiduously defying sunshine should satisfy themselves with the crumbs that fall from the table of the hardworking ones. The proverb discourages laziness and implies the need for everyone to be hard-working. If a child washed his hands, he could eat with kings. p. 6 Theory: Realist Types: Denotative, thematic Analysis: The proverb portrays the honor and dignity attributed to cleanliness and responsibility. It thematizes hands washing, a good character training and hygienic way of eating as a sine qua non to honor. We infer that if a person does the right thing at the right time, as the proverb entails good fortune, honor, reverence, esteem and credit will be his, just like eating together with kings. The pragmatic understanding of how really high the Nigerians rate their traditional rulers provides a further clue to the semantic import of the proverb. 3 When the moon is shining, the cripple becomes hungry for a walk. p. 9. Theory: Referential Types: Collocative, Stylistic Analysis: Reference is made to another cosmic body, the moon, in this proverb, as â€Å"shining† collocates with â€Å"the moon† and â€Å"cripple† collocates metaphorically with â€Å"walk†. The sense of the proverb lies in the cause-effect theory that if motivation is given, action arises. In essence, night is conventionally taken as a period of rest but in a situation where there is moon-light, not only the able-bodied feels the need to walk or work in the night but even the cripple does. Night is implied and not stated for stylistic purposes while â€Å"hungry†, a marked word that ordinarily does not apply to â€Å"walk†, is also used for stylistic effect. The underlining message is that a good cause or motivation occasions a good effect or line of action. 4 A man who pays respect to the great paves the way for his own greatness p. 14. Theory: Stimulus-Response Types: Denotative, Affective. Analysis: There is a tact advice almost coinciding with the English proverb, â€Å"one good turn deserves another† here. If a person accords honor or reverence to the successful ones, it is likely that he is also going to be successful. In other words, the sense of the proverb is that a person who helps another man helps himself indirectly as he gets familiar with what that man engages in – and this will ultimately lead him also to greatness, directly or indirectly. 5 A toad does not run in the daytime for nothing. 15 Theory: Ideational Types: Denotative/Stylistic Analysis: The proverb tasks our mental conception or general knowledge of the toad as a nocturnal animal. If such an animal therefore does â€Å"run† (a lexical item preferred by the author for metaphorical or stylistic effect, against the normal collocative word, â€Å"jump†) in the day, there must be something amiss. The sense of the proverb is that there is a cause for anything strange that happens; there must be a reason, at least â€Å"no smoke without fire†. A toad running in daytime is probably pursuing something or certainly something is pursuing it. It has to do with the â€Å"cause-effect† relationship. An old woman is always uneasy when dry bones are mentioned in a proverb. p. 15 Theory: Stimulus – Response Types: Denotative/Thematic Analysis: This proverb also exhibits â€Å"causes-effect† relationship as it thematises the old woman. It means that people who have negative features feel disturbed when such features are being highlighted. There is the effect or response of uneasiness with reference to the dry bones because an old woman whose dry bones are signs of impending death is always scared of death. The sense of the proverb, essentially, is that conscience worries people of negative attributes even when they are not addressed but their excesses (so to say) are being condemned. The lizard that jumped from the high Iroko tree to the ground said he would praise himself if no one else did. p. 16. Theory: Referential Types: Denotative/Connotative Analysis: The proverb elicits the self-contentment and joy of good work. A good work, we can infer, is itself commendable whether people appreciate it or not. Reference is made to the lizard which nods after any activity it engages in, implicating its self-praise. The animal is personified for poetic effect. The English equivalent of â€Å"if you don’t blow your trumpet, nobody will blow it for you† may further illustrate the sense of the proverb – that if you do not appreciate your worth and dignify yourself, people may not bother to do it for you. Eneke the bird says since men have learnt to shoot without missing, he has learnt to fly without perching. . 16. Theory: Referential Types: Denotative/Connotative Analysis: Like the previous proverb, this proverb derives its message from folklore, in which human attributes are given to animals/non-human creatures. The meaning is both literal and figurative as well as multi-dimensional in scope. Changing situations give birth to innovations. If students, for example, develop novel means of cheating in the examinations, referentially, the authorities also devise ipso facto, new strategies of apprehending or detecting the cheats. When a man says yes, his Chi says yes also. p. 9 Theory: Ideational Types: Denotative/Connotative. Analysis: The proverb aptly sums up the essence of determination and strong will, within one’s psychological context. Reference to chi, a person’s personal god in Igbo culture, is of connotative import. The message interpreted is that man must always take decisive decisions for himself and resolve to do whatever he tasks himself to do for that will always be the will of his supposed â€Å"god†. A possible English equivalent is that â€Å"heavens help those who help themselves†, and as such, man should always be responsible for all his actions. A chick that will grow into a cock can be spotted the very day it hatches. p. 46 Theory: Realist Types: Denotative/Connotative. Analysis: The proverb explores the logical sequence of things/ phenomena: that a general analysis can be made from specific traits. In the real world, from the initial stage, from countenance and appearance, one is able to identify the good, the bad and the ugly. The reference to the chick in our psyche is illustrative: the chick that will not live long will probably look frail and sickly, right from the day it is hatched. Our actions, at particular times, are indices of our character, the proverb tells us. A child’s finger is not scalded by a piece of hot yam which its mother puts into its palm. p. 47 Theory: Contextual Types: Denotive/Collocative Analysis: Given the contextual/pragmatic knowledge of a mother’s love for her child especially in the Nigerian cultures, it is implied that whatever she does, even if such superficially appears harmful, will be of benefit to the child. This is because it is presupposed that nobody loves a child better than his/her mother. Thus, the sense of the proverb, which for effect parades â€Å"child/mother†, â€Å"finger/palm†, â€Å"a piece of hot yam† etc collocates, is that love bears no harm. If there is love, there is no need for reservation in taking a beloved’s piece of advice, whether one considers it good or not, because a beloved person will not recommend a harmful antidote for whom he loves. 12 If one finger brought oil, it soiled the others. p. 87. Theory: Ideational Types: Denotative/Connotative/Stylistic Analysis: The proverb underlines the concept of collective responsibility: what one does implicates the involvement of the others. With tact reference to our knowledge or ideas of the world, if a finger is dipped into the oil, other fingers get smeared alongside since they are together. In other words, a shameful act by a person brings shame, odium and opprobrium to him and by extension, to his family and community. Stylistic considerations impinge on the choice of â€Å"brought† and â€Å"soiled† from the existing alternatives – which could further communicate the same idea. A child cannot pay for its mother’s milk. p. 117 Theory: Realist Types: Connotative/Collocative. Analysis: This proverb anchors an axiomatic fact: certain things are unquantifiable or priceless. No matter how much the child gives the mother later in life, such is not worth her milk, given the child at infancy. By extension, kindness, love (and such virtues) cannot be fully reciprocated, as they are inestimably valuable. Collocates like â€Å"child, mother, milk† enhance the sense of the meaning. An animal rubs its aching flank against a tree, a man asks his kinsman to scratch him p. 17. Theory: Realist/Stimulus-Response Types: Connotative/Stylistic. Analysis: By drawing our attention to the real world of human-animal behavioral patterns, the proverb draws a line between a human being and an animal. The proverb is suggestive of the social nature of man, and the fact that â€Å"no man is an Island†. The proverb suggests that it is love that distinguishes men from a nimals. People who do not seek their fellow human beings’ help when in danger or difficulty are therefore animalistic. Marked word patterns like â€Å"aching†, â€Å"flank†, â€Å"kinsman†, â€Å"rubs†, â€Å"scratch†, that one would ordinarily prefer other words for, are used for stylistic purposes, engendering the connotative, figurative sense. Living fire begets cold, impotent ash. p. 118 Theory: Ideational Types: Connotative/Stylistic Analysis: The sense engendered by this epigrammatic statement is the vanity of arrogance. By creating the image/idea of fire in our mind, we are implicitly told that fire flares up in pride but its consequence is cold, impotent ash. The connotative meanings of â€Å"cold† and â€Å"impotent† are quite essential and their stylistic association with ash lends credence to the force of the meaning. Both fire and â€Å"ash† conjure in us human qualities – the fire gives birth to a cold and impotent child in ash. The sense of the proverb or its message is that people should be good and level-headed when they are opportune (to be in a position) or alive; for, when they lose such position and die, they become useless and unwanted – subsequently becoming objects of public disdain.

Essay about Features of Post Modern Fictions - 2385 Words

Some of the dominant features of postmodern fictions include temporal disorder, the erosion of the sense of time, a foregrounding of words as fragmenting material signs, a pervasive and pointless use of pastiche, loose association of ideas, paranoia and the creation of vicious circles or a loss of destination between separate levels of discourse, which are all symptoms of the language disorders of postmodernist fictions. The postmodern novel may be summed up as: †¢ Late modernism. †¢ Anti-modernism. †¢ Not avant-garde tendency (may be avant-garde within a literary period). †¢ Emphasizes plot than character. †¢ Characters are fragmented/multiple. †¢ Experimental. †¢ Misogynist. †¢ Denigration of female writers. †¢ Matter of packaging. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Choudhary states: The major feature of this kind of fiction lies in the subversion of the assumptions and generic traits and function of fiction, including modernist novel. Generically postmodernist fiction is self-questioning in nature, skeptical about its possibilities, rules and principles. Its function is disillusionary; it dives into the underside of fiction and explodes its fallacies†¦Postmodernist text directs itself to the suspension of meaning by using disruptive narrative, polyphony, multiple ending and the like thereby frustrating intelligibility. It is devoid of teleology and causality (12). Some critics are of the view that postmodern fictions do not convey any moral values and imparts untrue elements. â€Å"In a postmodern word, literature is just another text. You can forget all that stuff about truth and value—and other alienating lies perpetual by a deliberately selective version of history controlled by crazy power freaks and their lackey dupes. ‘Truth’ is o nly what circulates as such: hence the importance of technology and the media to an understanding of ‘our’ world today. ‘Values’ are only effects of cultural traditions; hence the importance of becoming cynical today, in order not to be suppressed under the suffocating of ‘culture’ and ‘tradition’† (Lucy viii). A.S.D. Pillai states that: The contemporary cultural situation, the postmodern text reveals in its construction a world of valueless vaudeville. 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