Analysis Of Jack Sparrow s Pirates Of The Caribbean

An interesting quotation that I came upon describing a trickster is â€Å"A company of wolves, is better than a company of wolves in sheep’s clothing.† In this paper I will be analyzing Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean and the many ways he cloaks himself to gain the likes of his peers while being the definition of a trickster on the inside. I will be discussing him via monomyth, as a trickster, and a cathartic and motivational hero. Jack Sparrow is a main character in the Pirates of the Caribbean series spanning four movies. Throughout the series, Sparrow goes on numerous journeys and faces a multitude of trials and tribulations. As defined on yourdictionary.com a monomyth is â€Å"a cyclical journey or quest undertaken by a†¦show more content†¦After he escapes, he is found in another situation where he wakes up on the Queen Anne’s Revenge and must convince the crew that he is the real Jack Sparrow. Here he uses his tricky and slick tongue to persuade the crew to lead a mutiny. After meeting Blackbeard, he agrees to help him find the fountain of youth, but he is only trying to find it for his own profit. A trickster blurs boundaries of society and does it for his own good. Sparrow blurs the boundaries between being a pirate and doing the right thing. Throughout the series, he can be seen offering to help and then turning it into his own personal gain. In on Stranger Tides, Sparrow acts like he is going to help the king and then turns against him and escapes. Once he arrives on Blackbeard’s ship, Sparrow agrees to help them find the fountain of youth. Once on the journey, he turns to doing what benefits him; thus, again blurring the boundaries and using trickery. Captain Barbosa is another character who uses trickery and blurs boundaries. The rivalry between Sparrow and Barbosa is evident of trickery in how they build off each other to trick others for their own good. In on Stranger Tides Barbosa acts as a captain for the British Navy to find Blackbeard who took his leg from him in the past. Barbosa was only using the Navy to run a ship to follow Blackbeard and find the fountain of youth where he turned back into a pirate with the motive to kill Blackbeard.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Technology Plan for Disney4238 Words   |  17 PagesCompany, the famed children s entertainment corporation. Company History The Disney Company was started on October 16, 1923 by a partnership of two brothers, Walt and Roy Disney. It was originally known as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, which later became Walt Disney Studio. One of the first memorable creations Disney films made with sound was the Mickey Mouse cartoon call Steamboat Willie, which opened in New York on November 18, 1928. This was Mickey Mouse s introduction to adults and childrenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 074 58, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Nursing & Midwifery Research Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is It Beneficial To Administer Influenza Vaccine To Older Adults With Pneumonia During Flu Outbreak? Answer: The research paradigm to be chosen is quantitative and the approach would be non-experimental design- cohort study. The quantitative study is considered most appropriate in this case as it would be possible to obtain information about particular cases that will be prospectively followed. According to Merriam Tisdell (2015), quantitative designs are deductive in nature as one can test a theory or a hypothesis. Therefore, it will be easy to test the efficacy of the influenza vaccine as it is widely recommended during flu outbreak. The quantitative paradigm has objective approach and it is well structured. Since the objective is to assess the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in older adults, quantitative approach is justified. The rationale being aim of the quantitative research paradigm to provide inferences on a population level. Quantitative design is appropriate as helps deduce the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable in the given population. Thus, this descriptive paradigm is justified to establish association between the influenza vaccine and pneumonia during flu outbreak as it requires observing large number of patients (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). It is cited in Tigchelaar et al. (2015) that a cohort study is beneficial in observational studies. It helps to observe a group of people with similar experience or characteristics. For instance, in this research, the criteria are to choose older adults 60 years or above suffering from pneumonia for influenza vaccination. Therefore, it is justified to adopt this design for research as it would involve observing a set of older patients with pneumonia. As per Pope Stanistreet (2017), prospective approach is the more robust approach. It ensures validity and reduces errors. In the observational epidemiological studies, prospective cohort studies are considered to be more reliable when compared with cross-sectional studies and the retrospective cohort studies. There are flaws to the quantitative, population based cohort studies such as long duration. However, the literature provides evidence that such studies are generating excellent data. Although there is high potential cost of error, it is the great way to study the long term trends. Thus, it is justified to study the trends when influenza vaccine is used for protecting older adults with pneumonia during flu season. In one quantitative study the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination was analysed in people above 60 years with pneumonia. The metaanalysis quantified data with reporting the visits involving cohort and case control studies on influenza vaccination. The limitations include recall bias. However, in one population based cohort study, vaccination was found to be effective in adults with pneumonia (Restiveo et al., 2017; Vila-Corcoles et al., 2016) There are limitations found in qualitative study using systematic review to explore behavioural factors affecting the influenza vaccine among elderly. The credibility was low as important evidence was excluded. Transferability is diminished. In another qualitative study, semi-structured interview was used to identify the facilitators ad barriers of healthcare providers in vaccinating elderly patients. However, the limitations include not conducting the interviews in real time (Ellen, 2017; Kan Zhang, 2018). It can be concluded that the chosen method of research is justified. References Ellen, M. (2017). Factors that influence influenza vaccination rates among the elderly: nurses perspectives.Journal of nursing management. Kan, T., Zhang, J. (2018). Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review.Public health,156, 67-78. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Pope, D., Stanistreet, D. (2017).Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics. John Wiley Sons. Restivo, V., Costantino, C., Bono, S., Maniglia, M., Marchese, V., Ventura, G., ... Vitale, F. (2017). Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics, 1-12. Tigchelaar, E. F., Zhernakova, A., Dekens, J. A., Hermes, G., Baranska, A., Mujagic, Z., ... Franke, L. (2015). Cohort profile: LifeLines DEEP, a prospective, general population cohort study in the northern Netherlands: study design and baseline characteristics.BMJ open,5(8), e006772. Vila-Corcoles,A., Ansa,X., Ochoa-Gondar,O., Satue,E., De Diego,C., Rodriguez-Blanco,T. (2016). Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults 60 years or older: Incidence, mortality and prevention.Medicina Clnica,146(5), 199-202. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.015

Organizational analysis with reference to Social work

Introduction Organizations employ a vast range of social workers. These social workers are engaged in myriads of work within any organization. This work indeed varies from working in a large organization charged with production of goods to organizations that are predominantly engaged in designing and production of services aimed at satisfying communal and even individual needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human service organizations employ an immense number of social workers. As a way of example, psychiatrists and psychologists entangle some of the social workers who work much more independently that social workers do generally. Given the complexities of social work service within an organization, many theories have been proposed to explain the nature and the relevance of social workers within an organization. Some of such theories are feminism and human services, as discussed by Jones and May (1992, p. 56), amongst others. This paper works from a human service organization perspective to compare and contrast feminism and human service theories. Background Following the emergence of the second movement for liberation of women, scholars have challenged many of the traditional understanding of the women’s experiences. This has prompted the emergence of a new scholarship body deploying concepts of feminism. With respect to social work theories, feminism is deployed to refer to â€Å"a mode of analysis involving certain ways of thinking and of acting, which are designed to eliminate the oppression of women in the society to achieve women’s liberation† (Hannan, Carroll Polos 2003, p.310). Feminism theory provides strongly founded grounds for studying the various experiences of women with social human services organizations especially based on the premise that social, economic and poli tical structures shape the experiences of women. According to Tong (1989), in social work context, â€Å" feminist thought assumes that women’s interests and perspectives are valid in and of themselves, are not inferiors or secondary to those of men’s, nor should they be defined only in relation to or as a derivation from men’s experiences† (30).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, this concern forms the criticisms of traditional psychological, philosophical, and historical scholarship. The absence of such assumptions is the building blocks of the feministic approaches employed in human services organizations. Human services theoretical perspective has at its heart the perception that social work is all about helping people irrespective of the differences either in gender terms or in any other way of classification of organizations’ working population. As Reskin and Hartmann (1986) note, human service theory perceives â€Å"social work as being all about social change at an individual as well as at community’s level† (p.102). In this context, human services theory mostly focuses on the resolution of people challenges within an organization amid the complexities that exist within human services organizations. In fact, this theory appreciates this nature of complexities. Thus, it sees the solutions to such complexities as being rested on the platforms of inculcating the spirit of creativity and fostering knowledge development among social workers (Jones May 1992, p.47). Ideally, human services theory seeks to provide responses to various interrogatives such as the relevance of seeking to know why people suffer, people’s responsibilities in resolution of social work problems showing how mechanisms of providing knowledge about human challenges may be availed. Similarities Both human services and femi nism theories are all advanced with the main objective of providing ways of explaining people’s behaviors, the way they view and even think about particular situations within the social work environment. Essentially then, the two perspectives provide the lens through which social workers acquire guidance. From a different dimension, the two theories are similar since their practicability is rested on a variety of quite similar frameworks, which actually influence the two perspectives. An example of these frameworks is ecosystem perspective. According to Hannan, Carroll and Polos, ecosystem perspective â€Å"focuses on the interplay between the person and his or her environment† (2003, p.312).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Paramount to note is that, whether from a feministic theory perspective or human services perspective, it is widely agreeable that people within human services organization deserve to understand the functioning of various individuals. However, in an endeavor to understand people better, it is crucial that one understands the environmental context within which the person lives (Jones May 1992, p.52). Mohr (1998) â€Å"argues that â€Å"Individuals exist within families, families exist within communities and neighborhoods, and neighborhoods exist in a political, economic, and cultural environment† (p.355). In both theoretical perspectives, it is arguable that an individual’s environment contributes widely into shaping individual and group beliefs, choices and behaviors. Apparently, social work, as a discipline, pays an immense focus in attempting to understand people’s problems. These problems arguably stem right from the environment in which an individual comes, something that both human services and feminism theories indebt to address. Both theoret ical perspectives deploy the concepts of human strengths in their premises. In the words of Berkun, â€Å"strengths perspective is built on the assumption that every individual, family, group and community has strengths. Focusing on these, strengths lead to growth and overcoming difficulties† (1984, p. 22). Directly congruent with this line of thought, both theoretical perspectives perceive clients as being the most plausible determinates of the appropriate helping strategies for employment in the resolution of problems afflicting them. In both theoretical perspectives, working from the contexts of clients are critical endeavors in contributing to coming up with a helping strategy that is both effective and efficient in resolution of challenges at hand. Consideration of cultural perspectives is yet another essential similarity between human services and feminism approaches in addressing issues in human services organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arguably, in an attempt to come into an understating of people’s challenges within an organization, it is crucial for social workers, irrespective of the theoretical perspective they subscribe to, to ensure that they are culturally competent. This ideally calls for â€Å"understanding and approval of cultural distinctions, taking into account the beliefs, values, activities, and customs of distinctive population groups within an organisation† (Hannan, Carroll and Polos 2003, p.314). As a way of example, social workers working in the health services sector, whether deploying feminism or human services theoretical perspective or not, have at the back of their minds that the manner in which people discuss issues relating to their bodies impacts the way a person reacts. This acts as a determining factor of whether the person in question accepts or rejects the health services being offered. In this context, both theoretical perspectives recognize the necessity to integrate both acceptable social work principles with cultural principles of clients in an attempt to make social workers’ work yield substantive fruits. Differences Although human services and feminism approaches to social work within an organization have a number of similarities, some differences are also worth noting. While human services theory tends to treat all people working with organizations irrespective of the differences in terms of gender and or sexuality, feminism theory focuses more on women, as opposed to men claiming that women are different in a myriad of ways. Consequently, it sounds substantial to argue that â€Å"Feminist theory examines women in the social world addressing issues of concern to women focusing on these from the perspective, experiences, and viewpoint of women† (Berkun 1984, 20). At the inner core of the feminism theory is holding the position that women have been disadvantaged for a long time especially when perceived as lesser sex. For this p urpose, feminism theory in social work pays incredible time to introspect â€Å"feminist history, geography, literature, science, and develops ideas and approaches that are useful in a wide variety of these disciplines† (Mohr 1998, p.345). Feminism theory, as opposed to human services theory, is essentially a criticism of the convectional social work theories. Placing more emphasis on the women’s need developed an alternative knowledge an endevour to strike a commonplace and position as compared to men. Arguably, the position taken by feminism theorists is indeed a questionable one. For instance, how can focusing more on problems related to women help in promoting equality within human services organizations while negating the concerns of men, either partially or in totality? Apparently, the more the debate uphold the articulation women as essential social group worth of protection against the past historical gender (male) perceiving itself as being more superiors, the more the much forgotten differences tend to resurface. Second wave of women libration concerns are critical elements of feminism theory, as opposed to human services theory, which treats both genders equally in its premises. As argued before, this movement endeavors to provide an amicable understanding of experiences of women within organizations through promotion of new scholarship. Sandell (1993) notes, â€Å"this expanding interest in women has influenced the social work profession, but not to the extent one might expect in a field dominated by women both as professionals and clients† (p.663). In this end, it is evident that feminism as a practice, ideology or an ethical commitment has dominated the concerns of social work more as compared to human services theoretical perspectives. Arguably, this is perhaps because feminism theory, in comparison to human services theory, deploys values that are essentially sympathetic in nature. The end effect is women social workers per ceiving themselves as â€Å"integral to, and synonymous with, their personal and professional identity† (Sandell 1993, p.665). From this perspective, it is crucial to note that feminism theory tends to offer an opportunity for people subscribing to it to deviate from deploying the theory to guide their professional practice and rather focus more on applying their personal beliefs coupled with their own values in practice. Relevance of feminism and human services knowledge to professional social work practice The knowledge of feminism and human services theories and their applicability in human services organization is incredible since they aid immensely in fostering social workers’ professionalism and mastery of their areas of specialization. This knowledge aids them in identification of the eminent points of disagreements between the two theoretical perspectives and hence evaluation of the implication of such difference in the context of the social worker-client relat ionship. Arguably, this may go far in aiding in integration and appreciation of the perspectives one subscribes to with other people’s ways of thinking in an attempt to create a professional body. With regard to Thomson (2000), â€Å"the existence and use of a theory base or body of formal knowledge are strongly associated with the notion of professionalism and occupational credibility that professionalism status can be seen to bestow† (p.57). Therefore, theory is essential since it acts as a mechanism of adding value to status coupled with respect of a given profession that often goes into fostering the practice of a given profession- in this case social work. It is important for a social worker who is working in human service organization to understand these perspectives. The knowledge of human services theory and feminism theory or even any other theory of human services organization may help social workers in many ways. Paramount is that such knowledge is incredibl e in helping a social worker to understand the purpose and tasks of social work or rather the role that social work plays within the society in which he or she lives. The theories, additionally, provide magnificent methodologies that guide a social worker on how to go about with his or her roles as a social worker. Substantive understanding of one’s profession coupled with the procedures of conducting the roles associated with the profession acts as a subtle tool for enhancing an individual’s professionalism success. In the context of social work, this is availed through precise understanding of human services theories. Consequently, by not having this knowledge, it hinders the social worker’s practice in the sense that such a person is largely non-cognizant of the roles akin to his or her profession. Hence, he or she may be incompetent to practice what the profession entails. Conclusion Social workers do differing work within the organizations that employs them . This work is varied and ranges from doing social work in a large organization charged with production of goods to the organization that predominantly design and produce services aimed at satisfying communal, societal, and individual needs. For the social workers to be conversant with their roles and methodologies of executing their tasks, it is significant that they become conversant with theories of social work. Stemming from this argument, the paper has found it plausible to work from a human service organization perspective to compare and contrast feminism perspectives and human service perspective as some of these theories. References Berkun, C 1984, ‘Women and the field experience: Toward a model of nonsexist field-based learning conditions’, Journal of Education for Social Work, vol. 20 no. 3, pp-20-26. Hannan, T, Carroll, G, Polos, L 2003, ‘The organizational niche’, Sociological Theory, vol. 21 no. 4, pp.309–340. Jones, A May, J 1992, Wor king In Human Service Organisation: A Critical Introduction, Longman, Cheshire. Mohr, W 1998, ‘Measuring meaning structures’, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 345–370. Reskin, F Hartmann, H 1986, Women’s work, men’s work: Sex segregation on the job, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. Sandell, K 1993, ‘Different voices: Articulating Feminist Social Work’, Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 3 no. 2, pp.663-669. Thomson, N 2000, Theory and practice in human services, Open University Press, Buckingham, Philadelphia. Tong, R 1989, Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction, Westview Press, Boulder. This essay on Organizational analysis with reference to Social work was written and submitted by user Bennett Odom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse By Mark Nichol What type of markers or emphasis should a writer give to signal that a character’s thoughts are unspoken? Though some people disagree, the consensus is that they should be enclosed in quotation marks as if they were said aloud: 1. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, ‘Where do I start?’† This mode of what is known as unspoken discourse assumes that internally vocalized thoughts are a form of direct speech. â€Å"Unspoken discourse† is not to be confused with â€Å"indirect discourse,† which describes indirect speech, or paraphrase: 2. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered, where should she start?† In this case, the person would not think, â€Å"Where should she start?† in those words, so the final phrase of the sentence is a paraphrase, not a quote, and should not be enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect discourse has another, similar form: 3. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered where she should start.† Notice that in this example, a different type of paraphrase, a comma does not precede the thought, and no question mark punctuates this sentence, because it’s not a question. As I mentioned above, some writers prefer to omit quotation marks in unspoken discourse: 4. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, Where do I start?† This style is also correct, but it requires greater attention from the reader, and it seems more trouble than it’s worth to distinguish between spoken thoughts and unspoken ones, especially in fiction. Employing italics is an alternative strategy for unspoken discourse, but this method is best used in internal dialogue, when a person is conversing with their alter ego, or with a disembodied entity such as a spirit, or perhaps a guiding force from within: â€Å"The voice seemed to resonate inside her: Go forth, and fear not.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10150 Idioms About Roads and Paths50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Palm Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Palm Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model - Essay Example Thus managing large organizations which comprises of thousands of individuals and numerous groups is a mind boggling issue. This project tries to explore the performance and outputs of Palm Inc. and the way it operates to achieve its goals. The performance is measured at three different levels, organizational level, group level and individual level. Finally the project seeks to identify if the interactions of these outputs are congruent and whether the congruency is high, medium or low. Performance Analysis at three levels Organizational Level The major goal of the company is to design and create the latest technology that helps to attain the highest productivity. The company undertakes extensive research on the emergent merging technologies which enabled people to work in a comfortable and portable manner and while on move. The company uses its high end technological research and expertise for designing of the portable electronics, which are compatible, fast and better for offering their clients the convenience, speed and also compatibility. The products include computer like enhanced features which enables clients to use them with their computers or for performing computer-based functions. Such products can be considered to be organizational outputs of Palm. However, it must be noted that the company uses its research groups extensively for production and creation of such technologies. This also involves individual output of efforts of each and every person who are involved within the functional groups charged with design and production. The group design and research of electronics and also the accompanying software is considered to be one of the greatest group outputs from Palm Inc. (Nadler, Tushman & Hatvany, 2007, p.3). Group Level The company’s research groups are worth mentioning in this context. Palm Inc. employs extensive functional groups for attaining its goals and objectives. There are about 65,000 developers who are involved with the company and works on company’s software applications. The research work and development activities which have gone into the functioning of the organization have been effective in increasing its output by about ten times within a span of one year. Palm also intends to increase the number of users of its products by a large extent. In order to achieve this purpose a huge sales force is used for the same. Palm intends to increase its number of users from 6 million by more than 75% of the market. Palm also uses selling mediums like the internet, wireless channels, online stores etc. (Palm-a, 2010).This would amount to more than 60 million numbers of users. In order to make this possible the company has employed a large sales team which is responsible for developing and expanding the present market (Info World, 2000, p.77). The company has also aligned with the leading providers of the mobile field sales solutions (Palm, 2000, p.1). Palm was able to ship a total amount of 823,000 smart p hones units during the first quarter of 2010, which represented a 134% increase from the last quarter of fiscal year of 2009. Individual Level One of the primary requirements of the company would be an experienced research team which would focus on the creation of advanced level technologies and solutions to cater the user’s requirements. Moreover, a sales team would responsible for expanding on the present market of the company. Most importantly the team of software engineers and developers

The Federal Reserve Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Federal Reserve Bank - Research Paper Example ng saving money foundations, keeping up the steadiness of the budgetary framework and giving monetary administrations to depository organizations, the U.S. government, and foreign official establishments. This paper explores numerous issues such as the history, purposes, structure and the available tools for the Fed. The Fed traces its inceptions to 1791, when Congress urged the Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton to establish the first U.S. bank. The first bank was headquartered in Philadelphia; the bank was given a twenty-year contract; however, numerous agrarian-minded Americans were uncomfortable with the ideology as they suggested this would affect the management of the central bank. They decided to restrict it, but the Congress declined through a single vote, and it was renewed in 1811 (Paul, 1996). Congress later created a national bank in 1816, in light of the expansion that came about because of the increment in banknotes printed to pay off the obligation occasioned by the War of 1812. Somewhat more than ten years after its opening, nonetheless, the new bank came into the line of sight of Andrew Jackson, who attempted to slaughter it after he was chosen president in 1828. After the second bank collapsed, state-sanctioned and uncharted â€Å"public banks† flourished. These banks issued their own notes, redeemable in gold or silver. Given that the National Banking Act, passed in 1863, attempted to provide a measure of cash strength, bank runs and money related frenzies stayed necessary into the mid-twentieth century. This was an episode of theory on Wall Street that bottomed out in 1907 (Paul, 1996). The advanced Fed follows its establishing to President Wilson, who came up with a group of counsels that created the proposition which eventually turned into the Federal Reserve Act, passed by Congress in 1913. The seven unique individuals from the FRB sit for a gathering representation, soon after being confirmed. They incorporate the first Chairman of the

Clean Edge Essay Example for Free

Clean Edge Essay Non-disposable razors recorded average growth of about 5% in retail sales during the period 2007 to 2010 whereas refill cartridge and disposable razors recorded growth of approximately 2% and 3% respectively for the same period. Innovations and new product introductions are the prime factors for the growth. Non-disposable razors and refill cartridge market is broadly classified into three segments namely value, moderate and super premium based on price and quality. Paramounts consumer research identified distinct segmentation in terms of product benefits and consumer behavior. % of non- disposable razor users are segmented as Involved Razor users, social/emotional shavers; 28% as Involved Razor users, aesthetic shavers and 33% as Uninvolved Razor users, maintenance shavers. Studies from 2009 showed that the retail sales of non- disposable razors and refill cartridge came from 25% volume of super-premium, 43% of moderate and 32% of value segments. In the last decade, the industry has experienced significant growth in the super premium segment. Product innovation and new technology is leading this sector for a number of new entrants. In 2008-09 the rate of new product innovation leads to 22 new SKUs to be introduced. SWOT Analysis Strengths Paramount Health and Beauty Companys biggest strength is that it is a well- established brand with deep pockets and a very good association with consumers. The product- Clean Edge Razor, that they nave released, is also technologically in the current market. Weaknesses best The company does not have a slice in the 37. 2% of the pie that corresponds to the super premium segment which has immense potential. Also there is a risk of launching the product in the wrong segment or positioning it wrongly. A wrong move could result in cannibalization of Paramount Pro, another product in their portfolio. Opportunities There is very good growth in the super premium segment especially in mens grooming. The market is also highly profitable so vendors are ready to stock the products. Also, the maintenance users are a market not ventured by any company till date. Hence the opportunities are immense. Threats A good number of competitors are trying to become the leader in this segment which is expected to grow in the future. The competitors could also catch up with the latest echnology and release a technologically more advanced product. Availability of alternatives like disposable and electric razors make a high threat of substitutes. Because of large number of products available and constant innovation in the sector it is very easy for the consumers to switch the companies. Hence, consumers have a high bargaining power. Entry barriers are low in the industry since no major R;D costs are involved and there are no major regulations. The bargaining power of the suppliers is low. Hence, overall the premium segment of nondisposable razors is an attractive industry to enter into. Positioning Strategy: The first strategy that we suggest is Niche Positioning, targeting the premium segment: As of now, the products released by Paramount in the non-disposable razer segment, Paramount Pro and Paramount Avail are positioned in the moderate segment and as a value -offering respectively. After three years of development, Paramount Health and Beauty Company has come up with a new technologically advanced vibrating razor called Clean Edge. Keeping in mind the superior technology used and the fact that Paramount has not launched a product targeting the premium egment, Paramount could adopt Niche Positioning while launching Clean Edge. However, there are certain disadvantages and advantages: Advantages: Positioning Paramounts Clean Edge as a niche will accentuate the companys product portfolio significantly. From the exhibits it is visible that it will result in high and consistent profit margins for the company and the risk involved will be less. Apart from that, the financial requirement of launching the product in the premium segment is only 15 million dollars as against 42 million dollars for the mainstream targeting. Disadvantages: As the trends suggests, understanding the fact that the premium segment has not been targeted significantly, almost all of Paramounts competitors have launched products for this segment. Also, for the past 5 years, the companys current products Pro and Avail have not introduced any new innovations as a result of which its customers are moving on to other competitors. The product pro is in the mature face and might need phasing out eventually. The second strategy that can be followed is Mainstream Positioning. The advantages and disadvantages of the same are as follows: Consumers are becoming more and more sophisticated day by day and expect more advanced technology. Paramounts bread and butter product, Pro was in the mature phase of the product lifecycle so there is a possibility of decline. Positioning Clean Edge as mainstream product will help prevent loyal Paramount customers from being wooed away to more innovative brands. Main stream razor unit volumes are expected to capture over three times the volumes of the niche market in the first year. Clean Edge has the potential for true market domination and would quickly gain ass appeal. Disadvantages: Paramount already had product in mainstream positioning -Paramount Pro so launching it as mainstream positioning will dilute the brand power and will lead to cannibalization. More marketing support will be needed to reach the target masses. The company would require an extensive advertising campaign, considerable consumer promotions would be needed and thus the expenses associated with them will be huge. To reach full sales potential with this positioning, $42 million marketing budget would be needed for year one. Total sales of Paramount for Avail and Pro for first year (2009) and second year (2010) are calculated using the market size (retail sales) and corresponding market share, both real (2009)and estimated (2010), of Paramount. The cost of Cannibalization is calculated using total sales and percentage of cannibalization given. Analyzing the result, it is evident that launching the product is a profitable venture; however, the cost of cannibalization may change equations. The cost of cannibalization is lower for the niche market as compared to mainstream market. Although, cannibalization djustments give us losses for the first year in the case of both mainstream and niche, the profit obtained in the second year for mainstream is larger than niche market. Branding Strategy The branding should be done in such a way that it emphasizes Clean Edge Razor as a unique and breakthrough product with the usage of latest technology. However, given the tight advertising budget, it should use the well-established name of Paramount rather than build a brand based on the Clean Edge. This should help potential buyers connect with the product quickly and test it. This should ensure maximum sales. Recommendations Conclusion The recommendation is to introduce the Clean Edge into the marketplace as a niche product since data shows that consumers in the premium segment are willing to switch between the companies. Using advertising and promotion of the new product we can gain market share from competitors. Exhibit 8directly suppo rts this recommendation and snows that even though unit sales are less than main stream sales, the operating profit and the operating profits as % of sales is higher. In both year one and year two, this niche arket is profitable and growing. It is here that Paramount should focus its efforts on product introduction and positioning for the Clean Edge Razor. Once it has launched itself in the niche segment, Randall should then launch it, maybe after 2 to 3 years, in the mainstream category. As the data shows, both niche and mainstream strategy will help Paramount to raise its market share in super- premium non disposable razor segment. But the niche strategy will enables Clean Edge Razor to contribute profit and at the same time, limit the effect of cannibalizing Paramounts existing products.